Diabetes is a very serious and dangerous disease that requires constant treatment. Along with the use of drug therapy, patients should lead a healthy lifestyle, give up addictions, and do sports. It is equally important to know what you can eat with diabetes and what products you should completely avoid.
If there is a significant deterioration in well-being, malfunction, constant and, moreover, uncontrollable thirst, xerostomia, frequent urination, itching of the skin, especially in the leg and groin area, you should immediately consult a doctor. endocrinologist and undergo examination. These symptoms indicate the development of diabetes.
The disease is certainly dangerous and serious, but not a sentence. Many people live with the disease. To normalize well-being, maintain normal blood sugar levels and eliminate unpleasant symptoms, you need to follow a special diet and know what you can eat with diabetes.
Pathology can develop both in adults and in children. Often the disease is diagnosed in pregnant women. With proper treatment and a healthy diet, the disease can be controlled.
IT IS IMPORTANT
What can you drink with diabetes?
Most patients try to follow their diet. They do not eat junk food and try to make food as healthy and balanced as possible. But everyone watches what drinks they drink. Diabetics should not drink alcoholic beverages, store-bought juices, strong tea, kvass, sweet soda.
If you want to drink, you should prefer the following drinks:
- still mineral water or purified water;
- sugar-free juices;
- jelly;
- compotes;
- weak rivers;
- green tea;
- herbal decoctions and infusions;
- freshly squeezed juices (but only diluted);
- fat-free dairy products.
Doctors do not advise patients to drink coffee. But scientists have proven that coffee is rich in useful and necessary substances, including antioxidants that prevent the development of tumors. They are rich in grains and linoleic acid, which prevents the development of heart attacks, strokes and other pathologies of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, you can drink coffee with diabetes, the main thing is that the coffee is natural and sugar-free.
Basic rules of healthy eating
Every diabetic, without exception, should know what to eat in the presence of diabetes. Eating all the food in a row is fraught with deterioration of general well-being.
Any diet, including diabetes, has its own characteristics and rules.
Diet therapy is intended to:
- limit the consumption of carbohydrate products;
- reduced calorie intake;
- use of fortified foods;
- eat five to six times a day;
- eating at the same time;
- enrichment of the diet with natural vitamins - vegetables and fruits (with the exception of sweet ones, especially dates and dates);
- eating small meals;
- exclusion of long breaks between meals;
- designing a menu taking into account the GI of products;
- minimize salt intake;
- rejection of fatty, spicy, spicy, fried foods;
- refusal to use alcohol and sweet soda, as well as convenience foods and fast food;
- replacing sugar with natural sweeteners: fructose, sorbitol, etc. ;
- the use of boiled, baked and steamed food.
Proper nutrition is the key to health
Diabetic patients, regardless of the type of disease, should follow a proper and healthy diet:
- You should eat a full breakfast to keep your insulin levels constant.
- Every meal should start with a vegetable salad. It helps to normalize metabolic processes and correct weight.
- The last meal should take place no later than three hours before bedtime.
- The food you eat should be at a comfortable temperature. With diabetes, you can eat hot and moderately cold foods.
- Liquids can be drunk half an hour before meals or 30 minutes after. Do not drink water or juices during meals.
- Sticking to a routine is important. Eating five to six times a day prevents a sharp increase in blood glucose levels.
- The diet should be enriched with low-fat fish, low-fat dairy products, vegetables and fruits, and cereals.
- Diabetics should avoid sugar and any products containing it.
- The optimal daily caloric intake is 2400 kcal.
- It is also important to control the chemical composition of food. The share of complex carbohydrates in the daily diet is 50%, proteins - 20%, fats - 30%.
- One and a half liters of purified or still mineral water should be consumed per day.
GI (glycemic index) - what is it?
Each product has its own GI. Otherwise, it is called "bread unit" - XE. If the nutritional value determines how much useful substances for the body will be converted into energy, GI is an indicator of the digestibility of carbohydrate products. This shows how quickly carbohydrate products are absorbed while raising blood sugar levels.
What diabetics can eat while following the diet and table number 9
Many patients who hear the word "diet" take it as a sentence. They believe that their diet will be restricted to a minimum. In fact, everything is far from it. Diet therapy for a disease means limiting caloric intake, consuming complex carbohydrates and eliminating simple carbohydrates. Food can be both therapeutic and delicious at the same time. You just need to know what diabetics can eat.
Eating the right foods will help you both manage your weight and maintain normal insulin levels.
Patients are allowed to use the following products:
- From bread. It is preferable to have black bread or products designed for diabetics. The daily norm is 300 gr. The use of grain, whole grain and "Borodino" bread is also allowed.
- Soups. It is desirable to cook the first dishes in vegetable broths.
- Lean meat (veal, beef, rabbit, chicken) and fish: pike perch, carp, cod. Any method of preparation except frying is excluded.
- Eggs and scrambled eggs. You can't eat more than one egg a day. Abuse of this product is fraught with an increase in cholesterol levels.
- Dairy products (low-fat milk, cottage cheese, kefir, cottage cheese, fermented baked milk, natural yogurts).
- Cheese (without salt and low fat).
- Berries and fruits: grapefruit, raspberry, apple, kiwi. Their consumption helps not only to increase sugar, but also to lower the level of harmful cholesterol.
- Vegetables: cabbage, tomato, cucumber, radish, greens.
- Honey (limited).
- Drinks: juices, herbal preparations, mineral water.
All these products can be eaten by diabetics. But the main thing is to observe the measure in everything. Food should not be greasy. You can't drink alcohol either.
Products approved for people with insulin-dependent form
The pathology of the first type, or insulin-dependent diabetes, is characterized by severe symptoms, an acute course, and is accompanied by an increase in appetite. In addition to the use of insulin, it is important to know what diabetics can eat. A properly designed diet is the best way to maintain health and well-being.
The diet of diabetes patients with type 1 pathology is similar to the diet of type 2 patients. It is allowed to use: non-carbonated mineral water, seafood and low-fat fish, oats and buckwheat, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, boiled eggs, diet meat.
IT IS IMPORTANT
Table number 9 for pathology
Patients are most often prescribed to follow diet chart number 9. The diet involves eating six times a day, excluding fats, fried foods, spicy, smoked meats, salty foods and sweets. The energy value of the daily diet should not exceed 2500 kcal. Diabetics can eat food cooked in any way except frying.
What not to do with diabetes: allowed and prohibited foods, sample menu
Every person suffering from a serious disease should know what not to do with diabetes. Abuse of harmful products is fraught with deterioration.
The listed products should be discarded:
- Sahara. It is recommended to replace with sweeteners.
- Cooking. This type of food is strictly prohibited. Besides being high in sugar, they are also high in calories, which is not good for blood glucose levels.
- Fatty meat and fish products.
- Smoked foods and preserves. These products have a high glycemic index.
- Animal fats, mayonnaise.
- Dairy products with a high percentage of fat.
- Semolina and grain-based products, as well as pasta.
- Vegetables. You can't eat some vegetables with diabetes, but if it doesn't work, you should limit their consumption as much as possible: potatoes, fried pumpkin.
- Sweet fruits.
- Drinks: sweet soda, concentrated or store-bought juices, compotes, strong black tea.
- Snacks, seeds, chips.
- Sweets. With any type of diabetes, especially with gestational diabetes, the use of ice cream, jam, milk chocolate is prohibited.
- Alcoholic beverages.
Allowed and prohibited products:
Along with insulin administration, proper nutrition is the key to good health. Adhering to a diet, as well as using medicines, the patient should have all his life. This is the only way to keep blood sugar normal. What to eat and what not to eat with diabetes.
Allowed to eat:
- purified water or mineral water;
- weak tea, coffee;
- mushroom;
- green peas;
- radish;
- radish;
- turnip;
- string beans;
- greens;
- carrots;
- beet;
- eggplant;
- pepper;
- cabbage;
- cucumber;
- tomatoes.
Permitted use:
- eggs;
- berries;
- fruits;
- soups;
- croup;
- bread;
- legumes (peas, beans, lentils);
- potato;
- honey;
- low-fat cheeses;
- low-fat dairy products;
- low-fat boiled sausage;
- meat and fish products.
It is forbidden to eat:
- alcoholic beverages;
- grapes;
- bananas;
- dates;
- dates;
- sweets (ice cream, jam, lollipops, cookies);
- Sahara;
- seeds;
- Canned food;
- smoked and sausage products;
- fatty meat and fish products;
- fatty dairy products;
- animal fats.
How to replace harmful products
Patients are forbidden to eat high-calorie foods, because such products provoke the course of the disease and worsen the effect of drugs.
Harmful products can be replaced with useful, suitable ones:
- White bread can be replaced with rye flour products.
- Sweets and desserts - berries and diabetic desserts.
- Animal fats are vegetable fats.
- Fatty meat products and cheeses - low-fat products, avocados.
- Cream is a low-fat dairy product.
- Ice cream - hard cheeses, seafood, legumes.
- Beer - dairy products, beef, eggs.
- Sweet soda - beets, carrots, legumes.
- Sausage is a dairy product.
Approximate weekly menu
Taking into account what is possible and what is not possible with diabetes, you can prepare a menu for the whole week every day or immediately. Below is a sample menu for the week.
First day.
- Breakfast: salad with cucumber and cabbage, oatmeal, weak tea.
- Snack: apple or kefir.
- Lunch: vegetable soup, zucchini stew, compote.
- Appetizer: cottage cheese stew.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge, boiled chicken fillet, juice.
The second day.
- Breakfast: pumpkin porridge with milk, jelly.
- Snack: Biscuits.
- Lunch: lean borscht, millet porridge with baked pollock fillet, green tea.
- Snack: condensed milk.
- Dinner: squash stew, kefir.
Wednesday.
- Breakfast: boiled eggs, cheese sandwich, coffee.
- Snack: baked apple.
- Lunch: fish soup, buckwheat porridge, steamed chicken dumplings, tomato juice.
- Snack: orange.
- Dinner: rice porridge with milk, boiled shrimp, fermented baked milk.
The fourth day.
- Breakfast: omelette, cheese sandwich, tea.
- Snack: salad with tomatoes, cucumbers and bell peppers.
- Lunch: cabbage soup, baked fish, compote.
- Snack: raspberry jelly.
- Dinner: boiled turkey, tomato juice.
Friday.
- Breakfast: baked pumpkin, apple compote.
- Snack: an apple.
- Lunch: mushroom soup, oatmeal, carrot juice.
- Snack: kefir.
- Dinner: lazy cabbage rolls, cottage cheese.
Saturday.
- Breakfast: cottage cheese, coffee.
- Snack: apple juice and biscuit.
- Lunch: soup with chicken pieces and buckwheat, baked hake, compote.
- Snack: vegetable salad.
- Dinner: steamed beef cutlet, oatmeal, carrot juice.
Seven days.
- Breakfast: pumpkin porridge, green tea.
- Snack: any fruit allowed.
- Lunch: soup with rice, pepper stuffed with chicken meat, tomato juice.
- Snack: vegetable salad, sandwich with cheese.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge, boiled cabbage, kefir.
It can be six meals. But the main thing is that the last meal should be no later than three hours before going to bed.
Diet therapy for diabetes is not difficult, but necessary. The list of allowed products is quite large, so the diet will not be monotonous. The key thing to understand is that a healthy diet during illness is key to maintaining good health and normal blood sugar levels.